Outline of chapter one (Methods in Phonology)

1.1 Intorduciton
- This book focuses on methodology, rather than exclusively on particular theories or questions is motivated by the all-important role that methodology has in determing the scientific rigor and maturity of a discipline.

1.2 Questions, Answers, Method
- the questions it asks
- the answers given to the questions, that is, hypotheses or theories
- the methods used to marshal evidence in support of the theories

Outline of Preface

1. The two central facets of experimental approaches:

- First facet
Experimental methods are foundational to testing hypotheses concerning speakers’ and listeners’ knowledge of their native sound systems, the acquisition of those systems, and the laws that govern sound systems.

- Second facet
It is on the phonological findings that emerge from the use of experimental techniques and their theoretical implications.

2. The factors of the change of new experimental techniques

2.1 Diverse questions need multifaceted methods to test.

2.2 Technologies relevant to phonological inquiry continue to evolve.

2.3 Growing recognition with biological, social or cognitive framework

2.4 To form principles for modeling

3. Major phonological issues in the book:

3.1 explaining ohonological universals

3.2 understanding the phonetic factors that may give rise to phonological change

3.3 maintaining, enhancing, and modeling phonological contrast

3.4 assessing phonological knowledge

4. The phonological issues organized in the book:

4.1. explaining phonological universals

- Part I: Theory and Background

- Ohala, Hyman, Hohnson, Kohler, Vaissiere

- Part II: Phonological Universals

- Demolin, Maddieson, Schwartz, Boe, Abry

4.2 understanding the phonetic factors that may give rise to phonological change

- Part III: Phonetic Variation and Phonological Change

- Beddor, Brasher, Narayan, Blevins, Busa, Engstrand, Frid, Lindblom, Basboll

4.3 maintaining, enhancing, and modeling phonological contrast

- Part IV: Maintainging, Enhancing, and Modeling Phonological contrasts

- Bonaventura, Fujimura, Fujisaki, Gu, Ohno, M. Nearey, Assmann, Roengpitya, Sole

4.4 assessing phonological knowledge

- Part V: Phonotactic and Phonological Knowledge

- Derwing, Nooteboom, Quene, Ohala, Pysha, Inkelas, Sprouse, Shin